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• Respect organisation’s rules and regulations
• Always bear organisation’s interest in mind
• Apply principles of professionalism, efficiency and integrity
• When managing a contract, balance the need to get the supplier’ trust with the one of keeping distances
• Refrain from sharing confidential information
• Act in the interest of the organisation but taking into account rules and procedures
• Try to understand the “spirit of the law” and what the rationale behind the rules is
• Be alert about potential “red flags”
• Openly discuss whenever facing difficulties
• Share procurement knowledge within your unit
• Increase the awareness of ethical values in your unit
• Ensure compliance with correct procurement procedures.
• Increase your knowledge of procurement rules and procedures
• Be aware that there are many documents that might help you to deal with “grey areas”
• Be sure to document and file any deviation from the correct rules
• Set a good example
• If in doubt: ask!

• Business should be conducted during normal working hours
• Meetings with suppliers should be with minimum two organisation staff members
• Suppliers should not be invited to organisation staff offices but to the cafeteria or meeting room
• Meetings should have an agenda and minutes
• Ensure sufficient distance when working with suppliers, especially when the same one for many years
• Make sure you are aware of relevant policies and how to apply organisation’s ethical principles in your work

• “I have to cut corners to meet my goal.”
• “I lack the time/resources to do what is right.”
• “My peers expect me to act this way.”
• “My superiors want results.”
• “I don’t think it is really wrong or illegal.”
• “Others would think that it is a good choice.”
• “No one will ever know the difference.”
• “I am afraid to do what I know is right.”
• “This is how it has always been done.”
• “Let’s be practical.”

• Deviations from correct procedures
• Poor record keeping / Missing files
• Excessive secrecy
• Reluctance to delegate
• Protective of certain suppliers
• Resistance to audit
• Unnecessary meetings with suppliers
• Overcharging by the supplier

The goods or supplies category includes the purchase of tangible items and/or its their interrelated sets. In general, a market is considered as goods/supplies when there is a transfer of ownership of tangible products.

A product is defined by two elements:

• Technical specification or detailed description (including images if necessary)
• Purchase Unit (Kg, Lt, piece, etc)

The Total Cost of Ownership  - All the costs associated to production, preparation, installation, maintenance and disposal - related to the purchased products (total cost of ownership), can be considered as part of goods market if the additional services have been procured, delivered and invoiced together and as long as these costs remain lower compared to the total purchase cost.

The typical purchases in the goods market are include food, tools, construction materials, office supplies, equipment, etc.

Construction/maintenance is a market category that includes the design of the work and/or its execution in accordance with the previously specified requirements.

It usually implies Construction/maintenance procurement and monitoring procedures usually visiting the place where the works should be performed with potential contractors, allowing them to better understand what is needed and the requirements in order to make a more accurate offer. As the works usually takes some time to be finalizedfinalised, an execution timeline must to be included in the plans as well as moments where inspection visits have to be performed.

Common examples are; a building rehabilitation (in full or part), any kind of construction, road sections, etc.

Services is a The services market category that includes the intellectual and non-intellectual services that do not fit in goods and works markets definitions. Evaluations, technical assistance, or any other activity not implying involving the transfer of a tangible product are considered as a service.

Under this market its possible to hire the services of dispatchers, lawyers, consultants, translation services, transport, etc.

Property/Rental markets refer to the rental of real state, whether land or buildings, regardless of their purpose. This market possesses certain characteristics that makes the sourcing and selection process slightly different from the other markets.:

• There are no suppliers or provider but landlords.
• There is no transfer of ownership but right of use for a period of time.
• There are specific laws applying to property

• .

The complexity of of the property market means it is difficult to measure two or more premises exactly by the same criteria. While there are some similar comparable , aspects such as the location, the structure, the internal distribution, security considerations, makes the selection process more complex. The logistician has to Logistics personnel associated with procurement must evaluate the local market (actively) and choose the more economical option that could fit fits the initial requisites as much initial requisites as possible.

There are cases where a procurement implies a combination of two markets. In these cases, the market rules that applies are defined in base of the market with the highest cost.

For example, a procurement that implies goods (timber) and services (transport by land) will be defined as goods if the cost of timber is highest then the transport. However, If the transport cost exceeds the timber cost the rules that applies are the ones stated for the services market.